Introduction Today, ecology is a topical issue. The reintroduction of nature in the city has become a priority. It is in this context that the Nature of Cities (N4C) project emerged. The goal of this project is to build a common foundation of knowledge based on nature-inspired solutions, called Nature Based Solutions (NBS). NBS are defined as natural systems and mechanisms (e.g.,vegetated surfaces, collective gardens...) designed to solve current urban and societal challenges (N4C). Effects of nature in the city and social acceptance Nature in the city has many positive effects. Indeed, research suggests that contact with nature can be beneficial, for example it leads to improvements in mood, cognition, mental and physical health (Mass, Van Dillen, Verheij & Groenewepeen, 2009). There are other benefits on the social dimension. But the presence of nature in the city has also negative effects: it increases respiratory diseases (Hartig, Mitchell, De Vries & Frumkin, 2014), and has inconveniences related to the presence of insects and "weeds". Furthemore,the uneven distribution of green spaces can lead to gentrification phenomena. All these factors will modulate the social acceptance of environmental projects. We can define the social acceptance or acceptability as the prognosis of use in which the user is invited to establish an anticipatory evaluation of costs and benefits. Nature connection and identity process They are different identity processes involved in the relationship to the environment. They are based on the theory of social identity of Tajfel (1978). We can mention Proshansky's concept of place identity, or Bonauito's theory of social-spatial identity. Moreover, our identity has also an impact on our connection to nature, which depends on whether we consider ourselves urban or rural. Cheng and Monroe (2012) defined our connection to nature as the sum of these different factors: pleasure in contact with Nature, feeling of unity, a sense of responsibility, empathy towards creatures. Hypothesis We hypothesized that: - the degree of connection to Nature will be different depending on the identity (urban/rural), we suppose that rural-dwellers will have a higher connection to Nature than city-dwellers. -the degree of connection to Nature will be different depending on the practical (duration, use, and accessibility of green spaces) -the satisfaction and inconvenience caused by NBS depend on the degree of connection to Nature, we suppose that a higher connection to nature is related to the satisfaction engendered by the nbs (the environmental quality of life is explained by the connection to Nature and / or perception of NBS) Method A questionnaire was completed by 150 participants. It is composed of several scales such as WHOQOL-BREF, which is about the general quality of life. The connection to nature has been measured through the CNS scale developed by Mayer and Frantz (2004). Furthemore, perception of NBS were also measured through another scale, finally, other questions measured the different practices of green spaces, namely, the different forms of use, duration, and accessibility. Results and discussion The first hypothesis is not validated, and the second and third hypothesis are partially validated. Nevertheless, two main results are highlighted: First, the connection to Nature is stronger for people who frequent regulary green spaces of the city of Nantes. Secondly, we show that the perception of green spaces, prevails over the time spent in this, and on their actual use. Thus, the environmental quality of life is more explained by our perception of the presence of solutions based on Nature than by our connection to Nature. However, it is possible to strengthen our connection to Nature and our social acceptance of NBS through "the ecology of reconciliation" (Rosenzweig, 2003). Pauline Hamon Keywords: Social acceptance, connection to Nature, identity, city-dwellers. Words I have learned : - city-dwellers: citadins -a topical issue : une question d’actualité -a prognosis : un pronostic - the inconvenience : la gêne - to strengthen: renforcer References:
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